د صدغي فکې بند اوستیوارتریت
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), osteoarthritis (OA), trauma, mandibular movement, degenerative joint disorders
Abstract:
Background: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
is a critical joint in the facial area, often affected by osteoarthritis (OA),
a degenerative condition. TMJ-OA is linked to risk factors like trauma,
infections, abnormal joint movement, and developmental disorders. It can be
classified as primary OA (idiopathic) or secondary OA (caused by trauma or
infection). Untreated TMJ-OA can lead to cortical bone erosion, subchondral sclerosis,
osteophyte formation, and joint flattening. Symptoms include pain and
restricted mandibular movements. Treatment typically involves symptom
management, as the TMJ retains a capacity for repair and remodeling, with
invasive treatments rarely required.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study examines
TMJ-OA cases treated in 2021 at the Police National and Specialized Hospital,
Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery. Of 580 registered maxillofacial
surgery patients, 48 cases (8. 2%) were diagnosed with TMJ-OA. Data were
analyzed for risk factors, demographics, and outcomes.
Results: Among 580 participants, 48 (8. 2%)
were TMJ-OA cases, with 66. 6% male and 33. 4% female patients. The highest
prevalence was in the 30–40-year age group (45. 8%). Trauma was the most common
etiological factor (68. 7%), followed by infections. Radiographic findings
showed erosion of joint surfaces and joint flattening.
Conclusion: TMJ-OA predominantly occurs after trauma, with pain and limited mandibular movement as major symptoms. Radiographic signs include joint surface erosion and flattening. Treatment focuses on symptom management through rest and non-conservative approaches, with invasive interventions rarely needed.
